A practical guide to choosing bronze patinas, colours and finishes for artistic sculptures.

Introduction In a sculptural work in bronze, finishing is not a purely aesthetic final gesture. It is a structural phase of the process, in which formal, technical, and conceptual decisions made long before the casting are consolidated. The way the surface is treated influences how the work is perceived, its relationship to light, the way it ages, and even its long-term preservation. This article examines the main types of finishes in bronze sculpture, aiming to clarify common choices and...

Introduction The scaling-up of sculptures is one of the most sensitive stages in sculptural production. Transforming a small-scale model—a maquette, a clay study, or a prototype—into a large-scale work involves much more than simply “increasing the size.” Scale alters the reading of the form, the weight, the structural behavior, and the relationship with space. This article examines the scaling-up of sculptures from the perspective of art fabrication, explaining why it requires method,...